Python

Basic Python Concepts.  (Click here for solved problems and explanations)

1. Write a Python program to calculate the factorial of a number using recursion.
2. How can you check if a given string is a palindrome? Write a program to demonstrate.
3. Write a program to find the largest and smallest elements in a list without using built-in functions.
4. Demonstrate how to swap two numbers in Python without using a temporary variable.
5. Write a Python program to generate the Fibonacci sequence up to n terms.

Data Structures in Python

6. Write a Python program to sort a list of dictionaries by a specific key.
7. Demonstrate the use of a stack using a Python list with push, pop, and peek operations.
8. Write a program to find duplicates in a list and print their frequency.
9. Implement a queue using Python’s collections.deque module.
10. Write a Python program to flatten a nested list.

String Manipulations

11. Write a program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a given string.
12. Demonstrate how to reverse a string while preserving the positions of special characters.
13. Write a program to find all permutations of a given string.
14. How can you check if two strings are anagrams of each other? Write a program to show this.
15. Write a Python program to capitalize the first letter of each word in a string.

File Handling

16. Write a program to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a text file.
17. Demonstrate how to merge the contents of two files into a single file.
18. Write a Python script to read a file and remove all the blank lines.
19. Create a program to find and replace a word in a text file.
20. Write a Python program to read a CSV file and calculate the average of numerical columns.

Error and Exception Handling

21. Write a program to handle division by zero using try-except blocks.
22. Demonstrate how to raise and handle custom exceptions in Python.
23. Write a Python program to read a file and handle the FileNotFoundError gracefully.
24. Create a program that validates user input and raises exceptions for invalid entries.
25. Write a Python script that logs errors to a file instead of printing them to the console.

Intermediate Topics

26. Write a Python program to implement a binary search algorithm.
27. Demonstrate how to implement the bubble sort and quick sort algorithms in Python.
28. Write a program to calculate the transpose of a matrix.
29. Demonstrate how to create and use lambda functions in Python.
30. Write a Python program to merge two dictionaries.

Real-World Applications

31. Create a Python program that simulates a simple calculator with basic operations.
32. Write a program to scrape the titles and links of blog posts from a webpage.
33. Demonstrate how to send an email with attachments using Python.
34. Write a program to create a basic to-do list application using Python.
35. Create a Python script to automate the renaming of files in a directory.

Advanced Topics

36. Write a Python program to implement a simple REST API using Flask.
37. Create a Python script to analyze a dataset using pandas and matplotlib.
38. Write a program to solve optimization problems using Python’s scipy library.
39. Demonstrate how to create a chatbot using Python and the OpenAI API.
40. Write a Python script to perform image recognition using TensorFlow.

Some other Assignment Questions

1. Set Operations:
   What is the output of the following code snippet?

   nums = set([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4])
   print(len(nums))
   

   Hint: Sets only store unique elements.

2. Dictionary Keys:
   What will be the output of this Python code?

   d = {"john": 40, "peter": 45}
   print(list(d.keys()))
   

   Hint: d.keys() returns the keys of a dictionary.

3. Password Validation:
   Write a Python program to validate a user's password based on the following criteria:

   • At least 1 letter between [a-z].
   • At least 1 letter between [A-Z].
   • At least 1 number between [0-9].
   • At least 1 special character from [$#@].
   • Minimum password length: 6.
   • Maximum password length: 12.

4. List Iteration:
   Write a program using a for loop to print all elements of a list along with their positions.
   Example input:

   a = [4, 7, 3, 2, 5, 9]
   

5. Even Indexed Characters:
   Write a Python program to accept a string from the console and print the characters at even indexes.
   Example input: H1e2l3l4o5w6o7r8l9d
   Example output: Helloworld

6. Reverse String:
   Write a Python program that accepts a string from the console and prints it in reverse order.
   Example input: rise to vote sir
   Example output: ris etov ot esir

7. Character Frequency:
   Write a Python program to count and print the frequency of each character in a given string.
   Example input: abcdefgabc
   Example output:

   a,2  
   b,2  
   c,2  
   d,1  
   e,1  
   f,1  
   g,1  
   

8. List Intersection:
   Write a program to find the intersection of two given lists:

   list1 = [1, 3, 6, 78, 35, 55]
   list2 = [12, 24, 35, 24, 88, 120, 155]
   

9. Remove Duplicates:
   Write a Python program to remove duplicate values from the following list while preserving the original order:

   list_with_duplicates = [12, 24, 35, 24, 88, 120, 155, 88, 120, 155]
   

10. Remove Specific Value:
    Using list comprehension, write a Python program to remove the value 24 from the following list:

    original_list = [12, 24, 35, 24, 88, 120, 155]
    

11. Remove by Index:
    Using list comprehension, write a program to remove the elements at the 0th, 4th, and 5th indexes from the following list:

    original_list = [12, 24, 35, 70, 88, 120, 155]
    

12. Filter Divisible Numbers:
    Write a Python program using list comprehension to remove numbers divisible by both 5 and 7 from the following list:

    original_list = [12, 24, 35, 70, 88, 120, 155]
    

13. Random List Generation:
    Write a program to randomly generate a list with 5 numbers divisible by 5 and 7, within the range of 1 to 1000 (inclusive).

14. Fraction Sum Calculation:
    Write a Python program to compute the sum of the series 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + n/(n+1) for a given n > 0.
    Example input: n = 5
    Example output: 3.55

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